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As a type of grinding tool, the grinding wheel, during the use of the grinding tool, when the abrasive grains become dull, due to the partial fragmentation of the abrasive grains themselves or the fracture of the binder, the abrasive grains partially or completely fall off the grinding tool. Meanwhile, new cutting edges constantly appear on the working surface of the grinding tool or new sharp abrasive grains are constantly exposed, enabling the grinding tool to maintain its cutting performance for a certain period of time. This self-sharpening property of grinding tools is a prominent feature that sets them apart from common cutting tools.
As early as the Neolithic Age, humans had already begun to use natural grinding stones to process tools such as stone knives, stone axes, bone tools, horn tools and tooth tools. In the 19th century, ceramic grinding wheels made by firing natural abrasives and clay appeared in the United States. Around 1900, artificial abrasives came into being, and various grinding tools made from artificial abrasives emerged one after another, creating conditions for the rapid development of grinding and grinding machines. Since then, the proportion of natural grinding tools in grinding tools has gradually decreased.
According to the source of their raw materials, grinding tools can be classified into two types: natural grinding tools and artificial grinding tools. The only commonly used natural grinding tool in the machinery industry is oilstone. Artificial grinding tools can be classified into five types based on their basic shapes and structural features: grinding wheels, grinding heads, oilstones, and grinding plates. The above are collectively referred to as bonded grinding tools and coated grinding tools. In addition, it is customary to classify grinding agents as a type of grinding tool.
According to the different abrasives used, bonded grinding tools can be classified into common abrasive-bonded grinding tools and super-hard abrasive-bonded grinding tools. The former is made of common abrasives such as corundum and silicon carbide, while the latter is made of super-hard abrasives such as diamond and cubic boron nitride. In addition, there are some special varieties, such as sintered corundum grinding tools, etc.
Common abrasive bonded grinding tools are grinding tools in which common abrasives are bonded into a certain shape by binders and have a certain strength. It is generally composed of abrasives, binders and pores. These three parts are often referred to as the three elements of bonded grinding tools.
Abrasives play a cutting role in grinding tools. Binders are materials that consolidate loose abrasives into grinding tools, and they can be classified into inorganic and organic types. Inorganic binders include ceramics, magnesite and sodium silicate, etc. Organic ones include resins, rubbers and shellac, etc. Among them, the most commonly used ones are ceramic, resin and rubber binders.
Pores play a role in accommodating and removing grinding chips during grinding, and can also hold coolant, which helps to dissipate grinding heat. To meet certain special processing requirements, the pores can also be impregnated with certain fillers, such as sulfur and paraffin, to improve the performance of the grinding tools. This filler is also known as the fourth element of the mold.
The items that represent the characteristics of common abrasive-bonded grinding tools include: shape, size of the abrasive, particle size, hardness, structure and binder. The hardness of a grinding tool refers to the ease with which abrasive grains fall off the surface of the tool under the action of external force. It reflects the strength of the binder in holding the abrasive grains.
